Auxiliary data of aluminum element

Auxiliary data of aluminum element

However, due to its strong oxidizing power, aluminum is not easy to be reduced, so it was found later.

After Volta, an Italian physicist, created the battery in 1800, David, a British chemist, and bezirius, a Swedish chemist, both tried to separate aluminum from bauxite by electric current between 1808 and 1810, but failed. Bezirius gave the metal, which had not been obtained, a name alumien. This is from Latin alumen. In medieval Europe, the term "convergent alum" refers to the mordant used in dyeing cotton fabrics. It is from this that the later Latin name aluminum and the element symbol al came.

In 1825, the Danish chemist osder published the process of experimental preparation of aluminum. In 1827, the German chemist wuller repeated osder's experiment and constantly improved the method of making aluminum. In 1854, German chemist de vill reduced aluminum chloride with sodium instead of potassium to produce ingot aluminum.

Element symbol: al English Name: Aluminum Chinese Name: Aluminum

Relative atomic mass: 26.9815 common valence: +3 electronegativity: 1.61

Peripheral electron arrangement: 3s2 3P1 extranuclear electron arrangement: 2,8,3

Isotope and radiation: al-26[730000y] *al-27 al-28[2.3m]

Electron affinity and energy: 48 kJ · mol-1

First ionization energy: 577.6 kJ · mol-1 second ionization energy: 1817 kJ · mol-1 third ionization energy: 2745 kJ · mol-1

Density of single substance: 2.702 g/cm3 melting point of single substance: 660.37 ℃ boiling point of single substance: 2467 ℃

Atomic radius: 1.82 angstrom ionic radius: 0.51 (+3) angstrom covalent radius: 1.18 angstrom

Common compounds: Al Э o ₃ ALCL ₃ al Э s ₃ NaAlO Э al Э (so ₄) ₃ Al (OH) ₃

Atomic weight 26.981539. In 1825, Danish scientist Auster mixed anhydrous aluminum trichloride with potassium amalgam, and evaporated the mercury to obtain aluminum; In 1854, Deville reduced the molten salt of sodium chloride and aluminum chloride with metal sodium to produce metal aluminum, which was displayed at the Paris Exposition in 1855; In 1886, hall and ERU invented the molten salt method of electrolytic aluminum oxide and cryolite respectively, making aluminum a practical metal. The content of aluminum in the earth's crust is 8%, second only to oxygen and silicon. It is widely distributed in rocks, soil, animals and plants.

Aluminum is a silver white light metal, with a melting point of 660.37 ° C, a boiling point of 2467 ° C, and a density of 2.702 g / cm ³. Aluminum is face centered cubic structure, which has good conductivity and thermal conductivity; Pure aluminum is soft.

Aluminum is an active metal. In dry air, a dense oxide film about 50 Angstroms thick is immediately formed on the surface of aluminum, so that aluminum will not be further oxidized and can resist water; However, aluminum powder is very easy to burn when mixed with air; Molten aluminum can react violently with water; Many metal oxides can be reduced to corresponding metals at high temperature; Aluminum is amphoteric, which is easily soluble in strong alkali and dilute acid.